The exercise pressor reflex: An update

The exercise pressor reflex is a feedback mechanism engaged upon stimulation of mechano- and metabosensitive skeletal muscle afferents. Activation of these afferents elicits a reflex increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation in an intensity-dependent manner. Consequently, the exercise pressor reflex has been postulated to be one of the principal mediators of the cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. In this updated review, we will discuss classical and recent advancements in our understating of the exercise pressor reflex function in both human and animal models. Particular attention will be paid to the afferent mechanisms and pathways involved during its activation, its effects on different target organs, its potential role in the abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise in diseased states, and the impact of age and biological sex on these responses. Finally, we will highlight some unanswered questions in the literature that may inspire future investigations in the field.

     

Correction to: Early EEG hyperexcitability is associated with decreased survival in newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioma

Journal of Neuro-Oncology -     

Meralgia paraesthetica als Lagerungsschaden

Die Anaesthesiologie - Als Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) bezeichnet man eine zu den neurologischen Engpasssyndromen zählende Schädigung des aus dem Plexus lumbalis entspringenden sensiblen...     

Evidence-based strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium: a narrative review

Delirium is one of the most commonly occurring postoperative complications in older adults. It occurs due to the vulnerability of cerebral functioning to pathophysiological stressors. Identification of those at increased risk of developing delirium early in the surgical pathway provides an opportunity for modification of predisposing and precipitating risk factors and effective shared decision-making. No single delirium prediction tool is used widely in surgical settings. Multi-component interventions to prevent delirium involve structured risk factor modification supported by geriatrician input; these are clinically efficacious and cost effective. Barriers to the widespread implementation of such complex interventions exist, resulting in an ‘implementation gap’. There is a lack of evidence for pharmacological prophylaxis for the prevention of delirium. Current evidence suggests that avoidance of peri-operative benzodiazepines, careful titration of anaesthetic depth guided by processed electroencephalogram monitoring and treatment of pain are the most effective strategies to minimise the risk of delirium. Addressing postoperative delirium requires a collaborative, whole pathway approach, beginning with the early identification of those patients who are at risk. The research agenda should continue to examine the potential for pharmacological prophylaxis to prevent delirium while also addressing how successful models of delirium prevention can be translated from one setting to another, underpinned by implementation science methodology.     

褐藻胶对肝豆状核变性小鼠肝脏的保护作用机制研究

[摘要] 目的：研究褐藻胶对肝豆状核变性（HLD）小鼠肝脏的保护作用机制。方法：健康雄性昆明小鼠，应用铜负荷饮食法建立HLD模型。治疗组每天给予褐藻胶灌胃，对照组动物同步给予等体积的生理盐水灌胃，每日1次，连续4周。电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测尿铜含量；生化法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性、血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量；HE染色观察肝细胞病理变化；Masson染色观察肝纤维化程度；TUNEL检测肝细胞凋亡；免疫组化检测肝细胞铜蓝蛋白（CER）表达水平。结果：经褐藻胶治疗后，高剂量组小鼠的尿铜含量较模型组显著降低（P<0.05），血清ALT、AST活性较模型组显著降低（P<0.05）。肝细胞变性指数、肝纤维化程度和凋亡细胞指数较模型组均显著减少（P<0.05），肝细胞CER表达水平较模型组显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：褐藻胶可能通过增强肝细胞CER的表达和促进Cu2+的排泄，减轻肝细胞变性凋亡和肝纤维化损害，改善HLD小鼠的肝功能。